Hr Project on Motivation

ELIJAH INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES Thrissur CERTIFICATE FROM THE COLLEGE This is to certify that the project report entitled â€Å"A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION†Ã¢â‚¬â€œwith special to reference hyderbad industries limited, Thrissur, submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of Master of Business Administration of University of Calicut was carried out by Mr. SHAHID KV. Dr. C. T. PAUL Principal CERTIFICATE FROM THE GUIDEThis is to certify that the project report entitled â€Å"A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION†Ã¢â‚¬â€œwith special to reference hyderbad industries limited, submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of degree of Master of Business Administration of University of Calicut was carried out by Mr. SHAHID KV under my guidance. This has not been submitted to any other university or institution for award of any degree/diploma/certificate. Miss. ANITHA. A (Faculty Guide) DECLARATIONI, Shahid kv declare that the project entitled â€Å"A Study on employee motivation of Hyderabad Industries Ltd† submitted to Calicut University in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the award of the degree of master of business administration is a record of original project work done by me during my period of study in Elijah Institute of Management Studies under the able guidance of Miss. ANITHA. A (MBA). I further declare that this project report has not been submitted to any other university/institution/board for award of any degree/diplomaPlace: TrichurSHAHID KV Date: ACKNOWLEDGEMENT First and foremost let me sincerely thank ALMIGHTY for the great opportunity and blessings that he has showered up on me for the successful and timely completion of my project work. I extent my sincere gratitude to Dr. C. T. Paul, Principal, Elijah Institute of studies and Dr. Sandhya. G. nair, Head of the department of management studies, for their kind support and guidance for making my project great succes s. I very great fully wish to forward due respect and thanks to my internal faculty guide Miss. Anitha.A, able guide for the project, for the continuous, creative, valuable and informative support extended to me, without which the project would not have been efficiently completed. I am also thankful to Mrs. Jyothis Rachel and Mr. Vinod A. S [faculty of ELIMS]. I render my whole hearted thanks to all the other respected faculties of the management department, librarian, lab technician and all other office staff for their assistance and co-operation given to me in regard to this work. I am extremely indebted to the management of Hyderabad Industries Limited, Thrissur and Mr.Pradeep kumar, General Manager (works), who gave me the privilege to carry out my project in their distinguished institution. Let me take this opportunity to thank all the Hyderabad Industries Ltd’s staff for their help and co-operation. I thank my parents and all other family members for their valuable and inseparable support in completion of this project. Once again I take this opportunity to convey my sincere thanks to each and every person who helped me directly and indirectly in the successful completion of this project.SHAHID KV TABLE OF CONTENTS |CHAPTERS |CONTENTS . |PAGE NO | |CHAPTER 1 | | | | |(1. 1) INTRODUCTION |1 | | |(1. ) RESEARCH PROBLEM |2 | | |(1. 3) SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY |2 | | |(1. 4) RESEARCH OBJECTIVES |3 | | |(1. 5) RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS |4 | | |(1. ) RESEARCH METHODOLOGY |4 | | | | | |CHAPTER 2 |LITERATURE REVIEW |8 | | | | | | |(3. ) INDUSTRY PROFILE |17 | |CHAPTER 3 |(3. 2) COMPANY PROFILE |22 | | |(3. 3) DEPATMENT PROFILE |26 | | | | | |CHAPTER 4 |(4. ) DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS |32 | | |(4. 2) INFERENTIAL STATISTICS |49 | | | | | |CHAPTER 5 | | | | |(5. ) SUMMARY |53 | | |(5. 2) FINDINGS |54 | | |(5. 3) SUGGESTIONS |55 | | |(5. 4) LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY |56 | | |(5. ) CONCLUSION |57 | | |(5. 6) SCOPE FOR FURTHER RESEARCH |58 | | | | | | |BIBLI OGRAPHY |Ix |LIST OF TABLES |SL: NO: |PARTICULARS |PAGE NO: | | | | | |4. 1. |Response about the support from the HR department |32 | | | | | |4. 1. 2 |Management is interested in motivating the employees | | | | |33 | |4. 1. |The type of incentives motivates more | | | | |34 | |4. 1. 4 |Satisfaction with the present incentives provided by the organization | | | |The company’s attitude in recognizing and acknowledging your work. | |4. 1. 5 | |35 | | |Periodical increase in salary | | | | | | |4. 1. |Job Security existing in the company |36 | | | | | |4. 1. 7 |Relationship with the Co-worker |37 | | | | | |4. 1. |Effective performance appraisal system |38 | | | | | |4. 1. 9 |Effective promotional opportunities in present job | | | | |39 | |4. 0 |Good safety measures existing in the organization | | | | |40 | |4. 11 |Performance appraisal activities are helpful to get motivated. | | | |Support from the co-worker is helpful to get motivated |41 | |4. 2 | | | | |Career develo pment opportunities are helpful to get motivated | | |4. 13 |Opinion about the important factor which motivate the employees |42 | | | | | |4. 14 |The effect of incentives and other benefits in employee performance 43 | | |Involvement of employees in decision making | | |4. 15 | |44 | | | | | | | |45 | |4. 6 | | | | | | | |4. 7 | |46 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |47 | | | |48 |LIST OF CHARTS |SL: NO: |PARTICULARS |PAGE NO: | | | | | |4. 1. |Response about the support from the HR department | | | | |32 | |4. 1. 2 |Management is interested in motivating the employees | | | | | | |4. 1. |The type of incentives motivates more |33 | | | | | |4. 1. 4 |Satisfaction with the present incentives provided by the organization |34 | | |The company’s attitude in recognizing and acknowledging your work. | |4. 1. 5 | | | | |Periodical increase in salary |35 | | | | | |4. 1. |Job Security existing in the company | | | | |36 | |4. 1. 7 |Relationship with the Co-worker | | | | |37 | |4. 1. |Effective performance appraisal system | | | | |38 | |4. 1. 9 |Effective promotional opportunities in present job | | | | | | |4. 0 |Good safety measures existing in the organization |39 | | | | | |4. 11 |Performance appraisal activities are helpful to get motivated. 40 | | |Support from the co-worker is helpful to get motivated | | |4. 12 | |41 | | |Career development opportunities are helpful to get motivated | | |4. 13 Opinion about the important factor which motivate the employees | | | | |42 | |4. 14 |The effect of incentives and other benefits in employee performance | | | |Involvement of employees in decision making |43 | |4. 5 | | | | | |44 | | | | | |4. 6 | |45 | | | | | |4. 7 | | | | | |46 | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |47 | | | |48 | LIST OF FIGURES |FIGURE . NO. |INDEX |PAGE NO. | |2. |Maslow’s pyramid |12 | | 3. 2. 1 |ORGANIZATION CHARTs |26-29 | LIST OF APPENDICISES |SL. NO. |INDEX |PAGE NO. | |1. |QUESTIONNAIRE |X | Bibliography BOOKS. 1. Chabra T N â€Å"H uman Resource Management† (2005) revised edition Gangan Kapur, Delhi. 2. Venugopal & Aziz Abdul â€Å"Human Resource Management† (2004) revised edition, 3. Prasad L. M, â€Å"Human Resource Management,† second edition (2005), Sultan Chand & Sons- New Delhi. 4. Kothari C.R â€Å"Research Methodology- Methods and Techniques† 2nd revised edition (2007) New Age International Publishers- New Delhi. Journals 1. HRM Review, July 2008, The ICFI University press, Page No 55-59 2. Management Research, October 2007, ICFAI University press, Page No 37-40 WEBSITE †¢ http://www. allbusiness. com/human-resources/employee-development-employee-productivity/601547-1. html †¢ www. Hil. in †¢ http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Asbestos †¢ http://www. petech. ac. za/robert/reshypoth. htm Questionnaire A STUDY ON EMPLOYEE MOTIVATION Respected madam/sir, As a part of my project I would like to gather some information from you which will help me in an in depth stu dy of project. I would be obliged if you co-operate with me in filling the questionnaire.Since the questionnaire is being used for academic purpose, the information gathered will be strictly confidential. Shahid kv Kindly fill the following: (Please put a tick mark in the appropriate box) 1. Are you satisfied with the support from the HR department? Highly satisfied Satisfied Neutral DissatisfiedHighly Dissatisfied 2. Management is really interested in motivating the employees? Strongly agree Agree Neutral DisagreeStrongly disagree 3. Which type of incentives motivates you more? Financial incentives Non-financial incentives Both 4. How far you are satisfied with the incentives provided by the organization? Highly satisfied Satisfied NeutralDissatisfiedHighly Dissatisfied 5. Please provide the following rates. (5- Strongly agree, 4- Agree, 3-Neutral, 2-Disagree, 1-Strongly disagree) | No |Factors |Rates | | |Reasonable periodical increase in salary | | | |Job security exist in the co mpany | | | |Good relationship with co-workers | | |Effective performance appraisal system | | | |Effective promotional opportunities in the organization | | | |Good safety measures adopted in the organization. | | | |Performance appraisal activities are helpful to get motivated | | | |Support from the co-worker is helpful to get motivated | | | |Company recognize and acknowledge your work | | 6. Rank the following factors which motivates you the most? (Rank 1, 2, 3, 4†¦. respectively) No |Factors |Rank | | |Salary increase | | | |Promotion | | | |Leave | | | |Motivational talks | | | |Recognition | | 7. Do you think that the incentives and other benefits will influence your performance? Influence Does not influence No opinion 8. Does the management involve you in decision making which are connected to your department? Yes NoOccasionally 9. What changes can be made to improve the work place environment? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚ ¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Thank you for your kind co-operation

What Is the Relationship Between Technology, Scien

Assessment 3: Final Essay Question What is the relationship between technology, science and the visual? Analyse a text of your choice (Transformers 3: Dark of the Moon) in a way that demonstrates your understanding of the connections between bodies, technologies and visual reproduction. Josephine Polutea, Transformers 3: Dark of the Moon (2011) The relationship between technology, science and the visual I believe is that they all interconnect with each other. The technological invention of the lithographic device for example enabled numerous visual reproductions for magazines and newspapers. This then opened up the door to the revolutionary technological shift in visual reproduction from lithography to photography that enabled replications to cater for the masses. This ability to produce multiple copies of any one image came about with the revolutionary development of the ‘negative’. (Lecture 5 / Technologies of the Visual Reproduction, 2011) This is evident in the movie Transformers 3: Dark of the Moon where the use of the images and footage from the Apollo 11, Lunar Landing are used to encapsulate the viewer to identify and empathise with the historical event that is used as a â€Å"spectacle† in the movie. Science wise this was a breakthrough in all history of mankind although there is speculation and scepticism that the event in fact never took place (Lecture 5 / Visuality, History, Event Spectacle, 2011) in an effort to gain capital for funding of the NASA space program approximately estimated at thirty billion dollars. (Lecture 14 / Visuality, History, Event Spectacle, 2011). On the contrary this is problematic in any evidence documented in history for history although makes for a good story line in a movie about technology, science and the â€Å"bodies† involved in this visual reproduction of the â€Å"historical event†. As this event spectacle was used in the movie as the basis of the visual narrative which was what I gathered to be that the American government discovered an unidentified object that crashed on the moon’s surface and the Presidents reaction to send the astronauts to the moon as he quotes in the movie â€Å"You get there before the Russians† and â€Å"Well you tell NASA to move heaven and earth. † Gives the impression that Mr President is very patriotic and based on â€Å"actions speak louder than words†? There is a sense of urgency where one would assume that there was a conspiracy to cover up a â€Å"top secret mission† to discover if there really were any alien life forms present on the moon or to cover up discoveries of such encounters. A reason of state would account for the manipulation of such evidence to enforce the protecting public morality, educating the population, looking after national interests and promoting community values. (Schirato, Webb 2007, p 174). The news media’s job is to report the facts clearly, with as much accuracy as possible. Unfortunately this isn’t the case. Science and reason are a good arsenal to have in the battle against pseudoscience, but in most cases they take a back seat to history and tradition. Plait (2002) These technological experiments and discoveries speak from the investigations of science and other certain unexplained issues for example extra-terrestrial, the supernatural or the unexplained â€Å"other† unidentified flying objects or mechanical beings. The images of an â€Å"alien† life form are visual reproduction of a circulated urban myth ‘so to speak’ rather there are no actual scientific evidentiary to substantiate claims from victims of the so called alien abductions or alien encounters. The descriptions given are used to form this visual that an alien has a big coned head, with big black oddly shaped eyes, a mouth and no nose but seem to be smaller in height then an average person. The greatest influence over visual practices in the contemporary Western world are what we call normalisation, which is associated with the fields of science, bureaucracy and government, and capitalism. (Schirato and Webb 2004) So why is it, that in the movies they look familiarly tall and strong and awfully unattractive? Or those in Transformers that are referred to as aliens? The â€Å"other† bodies I will refer to the ‘transforming robots’ in the movie Transformers and the government â€Å"bodies† that are directly involved in this highly classified special operations task and the power role they play in the movie. According to Schirato and Webb (2004) scientific categories of truth and reality are circulated throughout popular culture, particularly in the media. This is the main reason why we have used the term â€Å"normalising† rather than ‘scientific’ to designate this particular visual regime. The movie begins with the notion of a race soon to be extinct by war. In an opening statement that says, â€Å"We were once a peaceful race of intelligent mechanical beings, but then came the war. † A war between the Autobots and Dicepticons on their planet called ‘Cybertron’. This ‘mechanical being’ or what post-modernist film directors would call â€Å"aliens† freely roam the universe and eventually take refuge on planet Earth. This concept of machine life and human life co-existing and living in harmony is reinforced in the movie as a political opportunism point of view. For instance their alliance with the autobots to serve and protect America and the world from breach of national and international security. Optimus Prime quotes â€Å"In a year since our arrival, our new â€Å"home† Earth has seen much change. Energon’ detectors guard its cities now. Long range defense systems watch the skies. So now we assist our allies in solving human conflicts, to prevent mankind bringing harm to itself†. The normalisation of scientific revolution and bureaucratic power only serves a purpose that politically we as a society, a community we don’t really have a say in what happens but only that we are shaped and influen ced to conform to what we should be expected to behave, believe or feel towards a certain situation. This brings to surface the subjectivity that we are familiar with in our everyday lives. For example if we are pulled over by a policeman for a random breath test or for surpassing the speed limit we autonomously adjust our attitudes and stature to address the officer because we know that the ‘body’ or ‘other’ serves a purpose to the law and its people and therefore the power relationship is automatically referenced to the officer. This power relationship between the bureaucracy and the people is displayed in the movie when Sam is attacked by laser beak, a side kick of Megatron and escapes in his efforts to assist the autobots before the decepticons take over the world. He is confronted by Director of National Intelligence Miriam who questions Coronel Lenick. â€Å" I know his name, I wanna know who gave him clearance? † and later argues â€Å"we cannot entrust national security to teenagers unless I missed the policy papers, are we doing that? I didn’t think so†. As Schriato and Webb explains (2004) when a soldier saw something that signified a superior officer (a particular uniform, stripes), he was required to behave, quite automatically, in a submissive manner. Similarly, the idea was that when the population saw signs of state’s authority (buildings, functionaries in uniforms, titles, letter-heads) they would see, without questioning or hesitation, something that was greater, more powerful and more knowledgeable than themselves, and adjust their behaviour to comply with these manifest signs of the state. In the movie these signs are visible especially in reference to the government bodies, President and the Pentagon – Bureaucratic and Political Division, NASA – Science Division, and the National Security Intelligence – Defence Division & Department of Health & Human Services which is signified as a body that serves a purpose to the people although take authority from the government, science, and defence divisions. As global cultural flow of images are circulated through the public media sphere and as such the Lunar Landing were celebrated through the United States and the world as a great historical accomplishment. We are conformed to believe this is true because we generally believe that â€Å"seeing is believing† and that the images provided we take as ‘photographic truth’. The mechanical nature of image-producing systems such as photography and film, and the electronic nature of image-making systems such as television, computer graphics, and digital images, bear the legacy of ‘positivist’ concepts of science (Lecture 6 / Technologies of Visual Reproduction, 2001). Plait (2004) states that people confuse the far side with the dark side. You almost never hear the phrase â€Å"far side of the moon†. It’s always â€Å"dark side of the moon†. This phrase isn’t really wrong but it is inaccurate. If movies were the only purveyors of scientific inaccuracies, there would hardly be a problem. After all it’s their job to peddle fantasy. In conclusion the connections between science and technology is a relationship between the global media sphere and the reason of state that governs all scientific, bureaucratic, political and capitalist fields that form and shape our views of how we perceive the world we live in. Therefore my understanding is that science and technology have a strong relationship in the realm of the ‘visual regimes’ and there connections to our world views of government ‘bodies’, scientific technologies and the shift in technological visual reproductions. The reference list Plait, P C 2004, Bad Astronomy Misconceptions and Misuse Revealed, from Astrology to the Moon Landing â€Å"Hoax† John Wiley & Sons Inc. , New York. Schirato, T & Webb, J 2004, Reading the Visual, Allen & Unwin, Crows Nest. CLT120, Vision, Visuality and Everyday Life, Lecture 5 – Technologies of the Visual Reproduction, Macquarie University, 2011. CLT120, Vision, Visuality and Everyday Life, Lecture 6 – The Myth of the Photographic Real, Macquarie University, 2011. CLT120, Vision, Visuality and Everyday Life, Lecture 14 – Visuality, History, Event Spectacle, Macquarie University, 2011

Brexit Effect Analysis

Following the calls by Europhiles to leave the EU, one may ask why the EU was created in the first place. The formation of the EU was after World War II when countries came together as a means of enhancing economic cooperation and interdependence. The creation of European Economic munity (EEC), was as a result of this effort; it led to the creation of the single market, allowed free movement of EU citizens within the EU and saw the formulation of favourable trade policies. The economic objectives of all these efforts were to reduce trade costs within the EU and to bring about mobility, growth, stability and a single currency. Having noted the foregoing, the questions to be asked are: what would b e of the UK once it left the EU? Is the UK willing to throw away all the benefits that are dependent on its membership in the EU? The statement on page 2 of the article shows the reluctance towards the idea of the UK leaving the EU. There is uncertainty on what would be the aftermath of Brexit. There are arguments that the UK economy will most likely deteriorate given the volatile trade environment whereby the UK will no longer have access to the single market, in addition, to losing of EU regional funding and other subsidies such as funding for various innovative programs. The Brexit referendum has taken the UK into uncharted waters, and it is pletely unprecedented. Calls in support of the referendum caused a lot of political turmoil which has threatened the economy adversely, yet the economy’s prosperity is dependent on political stability (Grixti, 2016). Various studies conducted by various institutions inter alia the National Institute of Economic and Social Research and also the Centre for Economic Performance suggest that the economy of the UK will likely suffer a permanent plunge upon Brexit. The studies are informed by the fact that it is contemplated that foreign investments in the UK will reduce substantially. Further, and more importantly, various researchers have put forth arguments that once out of the EU, the UK will no more enjoy the benefits accruing from the FTA and will cede access to the EU’s single market that offers a consumer market of up to 500 million consumers. The pertinent question that ought to have been deliberated upon is: what would be the consequences of staying out of the EU? Though this question can evoke different responses, Campos et. al. (2015) caution that leaving the EU would not be the best of options in the world that is characterized by the globalization of economies. Further, Bootle (2015) states that from analyses conducted, the projected differences in the UK’s GDP while in the EU and when out are too marginal to base the decision of leaving the EU on the same. Taking into consideration the ideas behind the creation of the EU (which include inter alia creating the single market, allowing free movement of EU citizens within the EU and formulating favourable trade policies), it is not u mon for the authors to be hesitant about leaving the EU and to consider the event a gamble because it would amount to throwing all the EU’s achievements so far into the gutter and the effects on the economy are unpredictable. The question whether the UK will cooperate with the EU is entirely dependent on a number of factors. For a fact, as has been stated hereinabove, once out of the EU, the UK will no more benefit from the Free Trade Agreement and will lose access to the single market. There will no longer be free movement of goods, services or capital. The EU being the UK’s biggest trade partner, it is estimated that the UK will suffer substantial losses. Further, arguments have been fronted that UK citizens in EU states will be subjected to more stringent immigration requirements (Ottaviano et. al, 2014). UK citizens living within the EU states have been advised not assume that rights guaranteed under the application of the free movement rules would still hold post-Brexit. However, in my considered opinion and going by the provisions of international law, and more particularly, the Convention of Vienna on the Law of Treaties 1969, the effect of a state withdrawing from a treaty is to release the parties thereto from future obligations to one another. But, the obligations or rights that arose prior to the withdrawal will continue to exist.   Further, the EU’s Charter of Fundamental Rights forbids collective expulsion of foreigners under Article 19. This is the similar position under protocol four of the European Convention on Human Rights, Article 4 which states that â€Å"collective expulsion of aliens is prohibited.† Therefore, the post-Brexit effect shall (if at all) negatively impact on future migrations from the UK into the EU. Dhingra and Sampson 92016) argue that among the UK’s options post-Brexit would be to maintain ties with the EU or start new relations with the rest of the world. In the first option, the UK would engage the EU in negotiations to join the European Economic Area which would give UK access to the single market. However, the challenge with this option is that the UK will be required to implement EU trade policies. This will be a major hurdle to cross taking into consideration the fact that one of the reasons for exiting the EU was to â€Å"subvert the damage that the excessive and misguided regulations [was] doing to Britain† (Congdon, 2016). The other option would be for the UK to independently negotiate its trade deals with the rest of the world and look away from the EU. The UK may join the World Trade Organization and negotiate trade deals without having to adopt the EU regulations or paying into the EU budget. However, with a market of just over 65 million consumers, the EU is by default considered a favourable trade partner with its 500 million consumers and may push the UK out of the negotiating table. New Keynesian Economics School believes that policymakers have the capacity to advance economic stability through policies calculated to the battle of market failures. In conclusion, therefore, it is for the EU leaders to decide the best approach to this issue, taking into consideration the economic benefits of cooperating with the EU instead of the political interests. A report by the Council of Financial Regulators (CFR) on the implications of Brexit revealed that globally, the immediate impact of Brexit was heightened market instability and associated uncertainties which saw declines in bond yields. The report states further that the short-term impact on the economy is mainly concentrated in the UK. Globally, however, there are reports of dampened investments with various market players opting not to invest their resources, while the market is so volatile and wait for the Brexit effects to cool off. This may ultimately lower the global GDP to some trifling extent. Be that as it may, the period around the Brexit referendum negatively affected the countries in the Eurozone whereby the strength of the Euro currency against the US dollar plummeted by a whopping 7.6% due to the uncertainties surrounding the Brexit (Irwin, 2016). This dollar surge is associated with the fact that due to the Brexit uncertainties, investors in forex trade opted to dump or withdraw from investing in the Euro (or the pound for that matter) which is right in the epicenter of the seismic Brexit event and chose the dollar currency. The problem with this dollar surge is that those states that are dollar debtor will face more financial challenges in offsetting the debts. On another limp, Irwin (2016) notes that whatever economic ties and trade links there are between the UK and other states shall determine the direct impact that Brexit shall have on those states’ economies. Further, according to the CFR report, the fact that the UK contributes only about 2% of the global GDP, in the long run, there will be relatively little impact on the economy of the world at large. The CFR report further reveals that the Australian banks had taken advance measures to improve their resilience by obtaining stronger funding in the event that the Euro’s viability escalated, which would have in turn affected funding and operations. This way, the Australian dollar would maintain its liquidity regardless of the post-Brexit impact. Therefore, the effect on Australia’s economy will be minor, if at all. This demonstrates that various governments had anticipated the post-Brexit effect and in response thereto, had taken precautionary measures to ensure that the economy of their states will not be affected adversely by the Brexit referendum. This approach adopted by demonstrates that there good fiscal policies are capable of countering any economic crises as fronted by the modern monetary theory. In the end, we must remain alive to the fact that this leaving the EU will most likely take considerate time since there have to be lengthy negotiations on the modalities to be adopted by the UK and the EU once Article 50 of the Lisbon Treaty is invoked. The long-term effects of Brexit are anchored on the ou e of these negotiations. Bootle, R., 2015.  The Trouble with Europe: Why the EU isn't Working, how it can be Reformed, What Could Take its Place. Nicholas Brealey Publishing. Campos, N.F., Coricelli, F. and Moretti, L., 2015. Norwegian rhapsody? The political economy benefits of regional integration. Available at: https://papers.ssrn /sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=2619188 [Accessed 3 Sep. 2016]. Congdon, T., Too Much Regulation.  The Economy after Brexit, p.11. Available at: https://static1.squarespace /static/570a10a460b5e93378a26ac5/t/573182efcf80a12bea55ab12/1462862605164/Economists+for+Brexit+The+Economy+after+Brexit.pdf [Accessed 3 Sep. 2016]. Council of Financial Regulators: Report on the Implications of Brexit. (2016). [pdf] Available at: https://www.treasury.gov.au/~/media/Treasury/Publications%20and%20Media/Publications/2016 Dhingra, S. and Sampson, T., 2016. Life after Brexit: what are the UK’s options outside the European Union? [Online] Available at: https://eprints.lse.ac.uk/66143/ [Accessed 3 Sep. 2016]. Ec.europa.eu. (2016).  The EU Single Market - European mission. [Online] Available at: https://ec.europa.eu/internal_market/index_en.htm [Accessed 3 Sep. 2016]. Grixti, I. (2016).  Post-Brexit Uncertainties. [Online] Times of Malta. Available at: https://www.timesofmalta /articles/view/20160720/opinion/Post-Brexit-uncertainties.619402 [Accessed 3 Sep. 2016]. Ho, T. H., Lim, N. and Camerer, C.F., 2006. Modeling the psychology of consumer and firm behavior with behavioral economics.  Journal of marketing Research,  43(3), pp.307-331. Irwin, N. (2016). How ‘Brexit’ Will Affect the Global Economy, Now and Later. [Online] Nytimes . Available at: https://www.nytimes /2016/06/25/upshot/how-brexit-will-affect-the-global-economy-now-and-later.html?r=0  Ã‚   [Accessed 3 Sep. 2016]. Ottaviano, G., J. P. Pessoa, T. Sampson and J. Van Reenen (2014) ‘The Costs and Benefits of Leaving the EU’, Centre for Economic Performance Policy Analysis Available at: https://cep.lse.ac.uk/pubs/download/pa016.pdf [Accessed 3 Sep. 2016]. Parker, G. (2015). ‘Tories Shun Brexit Contingency Plans’, Financial Times. Available at: https://www.ft /cms/s/0/208fdf8c-9846-11e5-95c7-d47aa298f769.html#axzz3xSEYNfkq [Accessed 3 Sep. 2016]. /Report%20on%20the%20implications%20of%20Brexit/Downloads/PDF/CFR_Brexit.ashx [Accessed 3 Sep. 2016].

Oil Market in The Azerbaijan Republic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Oil Market in The Azerbaijan Republic - Essay Example It also contains the world's largest deposits of natural gas (Energy Information Administration 2008). The breakup of the former Soviet Union has attracted much of the world's interests in the huge oil and gas reserves of the Caspian Sea region. The newly independent countries have signed many contracts worth billions of dollars to develop the region's oil and gas fields. The Caspian Sea has the potential to become one of the major oil and gas production areas in the world similar in its capacity to the North Sea and the Gulf of Mexico (Energy Information Administration 2008). During World War II, Azerbaijan's oil production peaked at about 500,000 barrels per day (bbl/d). Oil extracted from Azerbaijan constituted 71.4% of overall oil output of former Soviet Union. Following the war, the former Soviet Union directed resources elsewhere causing Azerbaijan's oil production to drop dramatically. In 1991, Azerbaijan gained its independence from the former Soviet Union and oil production was at a minimum low of 180,000 bbl/d (Energy Information Administration 2008). The ability of Azerbaijan to develop its oil and natural gas resources was dependent on the availability of sources of capital and technology. Since then, Azerbaijan officials have been trying to attract foreign investments into their oil and gas industry. Azerbaijan's has 1.2 billion barrels of proven oil reserves in addition to enormous possible reserves in the Caspian Sea. These oil reserves in addition to successful governmental policies have attracted foreign international investment to Azerbaijan. Since 1996, over $3.4 billion has been invested in the oil sector with expectations to reach $2 billion in 2006. Ever since, Azerbaijan's oil industry experienced a boom reaching almost 800,000 bbl/d in 2007. Much growth is still anticipated during the 21st century. It is expected that by 2010, Azerbaijan's oil production would exceed 1.5 million bbl/d (www.stat.gov.az, 2006). New fields in the Caspian Sea were developed through joint ventures (JVs) and production sharing agreements (PSAs). JVs were later converted to PSAs in 2000, due to their restrictions on the ability to export their oil (Energy Information Administration 2008). The Caspian Sea has 30 billion tons of oil, 18-20 trillion cubic meters of gas, which comprises 15 percent of the world carbon-hydrogen resources. The oil deposit that belongs to Azerbaijan 3-5 billion tons of oil, 5 trillion cubic meters of gas the oil production in Azerbaijan is expected to increase rapidly (SOCAR, 2008).. Azerbaijan carries most of its oil products from the Caspian Sea to the European market through the following four major pipelines: Baku-Tbilisi-Ceyhan (BTC), Baku-Novorossiysk, Baku-Supsa, and Caspian Pipeline Consortium (CPC) as shown in figure 1 (Energy Information Administration, 2008). Figure 1: Four Major Pipelines of Azerbaijan The Caspian Sea is also rich with natural gas. The largest natural gas field in Azerbaijan is Shah Deniz. Azerbaijan is planning to supply natural gas to Turkey and European countries through the development of South Caucasus Pipeline (SCP) (SOCAR, 2008). The former Soviet Union lacked of environmental protection has caused heavy environmental damages to Azerbaijan and the Caspian Sea. Mismanagement of the oil industry has generated much pollution and alteration of the natural environment of Caspian Sea region. Furthermore, oil and

Ethics in Financial Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Ethics in Financial Markets - Essay Example Futures have a tendency to goad traders to borrow money so as to purchase the commodity making the deal to go sour should the price of the commodity dip, hence has a major impact on the   stocks and the overall economy as a whole. Another form of the financial market is the Hedge fund.   Hedge funds have over the years become popular due to the high returns it offers to the high end investor.   Hedge funds do invest heavily in the futures and some analysts have argued that they help check the volatility of the stock market and in extension the US economy. Hedge funds though are being blamed for the 2009 recession. Financial markets therefore do involve the financial institutions that are the banks, insurance companies, stock brokers and other closely related institutions.  Ethics is perceived as a set of societal standards of conduct and moral judgment that encompasses the norms of a given community. Ethics are a personal set of values used by an individual, a group or a prof ession;  Ã‚   so as to guide them in their action and help them fulfill or carry out their obligation. Its subjective rather that objective and its relative to our perception of reality   dependent on circumstances and life   experiences of the individual or group, thus making it a continuously evolving   code of conduct. It addresses issues pertaining to morality, i.e. good and bad; right or wrong etc.   Capitalism has been accused to be Darwinian in nature due to the market volatility that is brought by competition and the natural forces of demand and supply.  ... Its subjective rather that objective and its relative to our perception of reality dependent on circumstances and life experiences of the individual or group, thus making it a continuously evolving code of conduct. It addresses issues pertaining to morality, i.e. good and bad; right or wrong etc. BODY Financial markets ride on the premise of free market where the market is left to regulate and correct itself based on the principle of demand and supply enhanced through competition. The cost of the goods and services plus the overall state of the market is determined through the action of consumers and suppliers. Capitalism has been accused to be Darwinian in nature due to the market volatility that is brought by competition and the natural forces of demand and supply. Companies that are fit do survive while those that are unfit collapse especially during a recession. During recession bad debts is wiped out of the market leaving those who remain the task of rebuilding the market making the process to be cyclic and this is how market correction occurs. Competitive markets has made companies to do everything in their power so as to maximize profits by engaging in monopolistic practices, offering minimum wages and commercialization of everything making capitalism to be amoral as it pri zes the self above others and the natural checks and balance that capitalist have been advocating for in most cases than not has always not emerged. Capitalism is generally volatile thus fails from time to time and the correction mechanism has proven to be wanting during financial crisis prompting governments to artificial correct the markets.This counters the notion of

Criminal Procedure in Regards to Search and Seizure Essay

Criminal Procedure in Regards to Search and Seizure - Essay Example Through the study of the differences between two cases that set precedent for the decision of State v. Randolph (2002) in Tennessee, including California v. Hodari D. (1991) and United States v. Mendenhall (1980), these circumstances will be addressed. Also discussed within this paper will be how these decisions impact both law enforcement officers in trying to carry out the duties of their jobs, and how those same decisions can affect those with mental health conditions when faced with search and seizure circumstances. Response Paper Number One: Criminal Procedure in Regards to Search and Seizure Differences in the Decisions Between California v. Hodari D (1991) and United States v. Menedenhall (1980) In the case of State v. Randolph (2002), as reviewed in the Memphis Law Review by Brent A. Heilig, the main issue to be dealt with is, in broad terms, the search and seizure of citizens. Though this practice, according to Mr. Heilig, is supported by Article I, Section 7 of the Tennesse e State Constitution, as well as the Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution, it is frequently questioned and cited throughout the case. For purposes of precedent, as with most legal cases, two previously decided cases were given for comparison, United States v. Mendenhall (1980) and California v. Hodari D. (1991). ... Mendenhall (1980), the Supreme Court concluded that if a person believed they were free to leave at any time, they were not seized. This is fairly straightforward. If a person believes that they are not free to leave an area before, during, or after being detained by law enforcement, they have been seized. If they believe that they are free to leave, they are not. However, in the case of California v. Hodari D. (1991), the Supreme Court ruled that a person was not considered â€Å"seized† unless some form of physical restraint was directed at an individual by an officer, or the individual has yielded to some form of authority shown, thus introducing a subjective element. Even the wording of the California v. Hodari D. (1991) decision is subjective; while a â€Å"form of physical restraint† can be interpreted fairly easily, as law enforcement officers have such means at their disposal, the term â€Å"show of authority† cannot. It is not defined, exactly, what a sh ow of authority is, whether it is calling for a suspect to halt, activating flashing lights on a patrol car, or simply showing some form of identification as a law enforcement officer. Regardless, the main point is that if they do not submit, they are not considered seized. The second main difference highlighted between the two decisions is that instead of moving in a broader direction as far as seizure parameters were concerned, California v. Hodari D. (1991) moves in the other direction completely. As per United States v. Mendenhall (1980), all that is required to define a seizure is the belief by a person that they are not free to go. This defines a broach scope of seizure, and sets a precedent for future cases that can easily be applied. By its very nature, the phrase â€Å"not free to leave† can

Texas Government Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Texas Government - Assignment Example Likewise, the partisan elections tedious, and can cause straight ticket voting together with electing judges based on the familiarity of the names. The long ballots can be challenging for the voters because it is difficult for the electorate to follow up on the comprehensive lists of the candidates. Due to the aforementioned challenges in the partisan elections, it is significant for the Texas State to adopt a system in which the governor appoints the judges. The death penalty is immoral and expensive, and thus the Texas State should abolish the capital punishment. Newell, Prindle, and Riddlesperger argue that the expense of executing a criminal exceeds $ 2 million, and the punishment achieves nothing in terms of deterring the potential criminals in engaging in crime (340). Exploring the issue of the death penalty from the moral point, it is unethical and immoral to terminate the life of a person. The capital punishment degrades humanity, and inflicting death on persons does not necessarily control crimes. Therefore, it is important for the Texas State to explore other alternatives of punishing the wrongdoers instead of pursuing the death penalty. It is less costly for the Texas State to practice life imprisonment as opposed to the expensive capital punishment. Sentencing the convicted people to the life in prison without the possibility of parole is a plausible alternative. Such a sentence will enable the Texas State to reduce the many funds that tend to maintain the costly death penalty system. The nomination of the city candidates to run for the office in Texas State is essential in facilitating the electorates to know and analyze the ideologies of the individual candidate. In this respect, the Texas State should endeavor to practice partisan elections in which a political party nominates the candidates to run for the office. Newell,

Could the leaders of Europe have prevented the Holocaust Essay

Could the leaders of Europe have prevented the Holocaust - Essay Example berg Law of 1935, the violent riots against Jewish businesses on ‘Kristallnacht’ in 1938, the confinement of Jews to Ghettoes in 1940, their killing in concentration and labor camps in 1941 and culminated in their whole scale massacre in the extermination camps from 1942. They were transported by railroads and eliminated in gas chambers in Auschwitz, Treblinka, Dachau, Bergen-Belsen, Buchenwald and Maulthausen.1 Approximately six million Jews lost their lives in the Holocaust, which was described by Winston Churchill as â€Å"the greatest and most terrible crime ever committed in the whole history of the world.†2 Hitler’s rabid anti-Semitism was the prime instigator of the Holocaust, but it was also perpetrated by the Western Allies policy of appeasement, which was motivated by self-interest. Anti-Semitism has long been a part of human history and can be considered a cultural phenomenon, prevalent in Europe and America as in the rest of the world. It can be attributed to many factors: jealousy of the economic prosperity of the Jews, resentment of their claims of being the ‘chosen people,’ their vilification as the killers of Christ and 2racism. They have been used as convenient scapegoats for disasters such as The Black Death, subjected to massacres during the Crusades and the Spanish Inquisition and to pogroms in Russia and Poland. Hitler advocated world dominion by the pure Aryan races through the elimination of ‘inferior races,’ such as the Slavs, Gypsies and particularly the Jews. He set about this genocide with military precision, aided by the reluctance of Western Europe and America to take decisive measures to stop this horrendous crime against humanity. Britain and France unabashedly followed a policy of appeasement towards Nazi Germany due to several factors, which were related to their perceived self-interest. World War 1 (1914 – 1918), with its’ 7 million European casualties, had a deep impact on public opinion, particularly in

Case study #3 Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

#3 - Case Study Example Age: with the advancement of age, the condition of presbycussis may become more profound having started from early adulthood sometimes from as young as 18 years. It may occur due to prolonged exposure to noise. Noise inducement: in case one gets exposed at a time to very high frequency sounds, then one can become either partially or permanently deaf. It may be due to destruction of sensorineural nerves. The higher the pitch of the sound exposed to may vary the extent of damage to the ear. Very high noise causes a higher degree of damage in much shorter time than low levels of noise. Genetics: sometimes deafness conditions can be hereditary. Where dominant genes exist between parents, the higher are the chances of the offspring acquiring deafness. Modern science identifies non syndrome and recessive types of deafness. Boys Town Hospital is an institute in Nebraska researching genetic and hereditary deafness. Their website reveals genetic fact sheets and information regarding syndromes related to deafness. Moreover, they offer recruitment to people willing to learn about hearing impairment. It is duly registered by the Registry for Research on Hereditary Hearing Impairment. Lastly, New York Rockefeller has also conducted studies investigating non-syndrome impairment. Other Universities and Medical research institutes across the globe have taken steps to ease the diagnosis and possible remedies on the condition. Ferdinand Berthier was an intellectual and an educator in the late 19th century in France. He was born deaf. He was also a political organiser in France politics. He was the founder of the first organisation that took good care of deaf people. He fought for recognition of deaf people in such capacities as political seats, leadership roles in organisations, stating that disability is not inability. The aim of the organization was, â€Å"to bring together all the deaf

To determine enthalpy change Essay Example for Free

To determine enthalpy change Essay Chemistry Lab report 1) Experiment No: 8A 2) Objective: To determine the heat of formation of calcium carbonate. 3) Date: 26th Nov, 2010 4) Theory: The experiment consists of 2 parts: a) In the 1st part, an accurately weighed known mass of calcium is added to a given dilute hydrochloric acid. During the addition, the following occurs: Ca(s) + 2H+(aq) Ca2+(aq) + H2(g) With the help of the data of heat change of the solution mixture, the average heat evolved by one mole of calcium during the reaction can be calculated. b) In the 2nd part, an accurately weighed known mass of calcium carbonate is added to a given dilute hydrochloric acid. During the addition, the following occurs: CaCO3(s) + 2H+(aq) Ca2+(aq) + CO2(g) + H2O(l) With the help of the data of heat change of the solution mixture, the average heat evolved by one mole of calcium carbonate during the reaction can be calculated. After that, by using a suitable energy-cycle diagram, and applying Hesss law, the heat formation of formation of calcium carbonate can be calculated. 5) Procedure: Please refer to the lab. manual 6) Data: 1st Part: Reaction of calcium with dil. Hydrochloric acid Experiment No: 1 2 Mass of Ca used / g 0. 53 0. 51 Volume of hydrochloric acid used: 100cm3 2nd Part: Reaction of calcium carbonate with dil. Hydrochloric acid Experiment No: 1 2 Mass of CaCO3 used / g 2. 13 2. 05 Molar mass of calcium carbonate = 100 g/mol Volume of hydrochloric acid used = 100 cm3 7) Calculation: Note: No temperature drop can be observed after the max temperature is attained for 4 readings. Note: No temperature drop can be observed after the max temperature is attained for 4 readings. Extrapolation procedure cannot be done. Therefore, the temperature change of 1st part exp. = 28-25 = +3oC the temperature change of 2nd part exp = Enthalpy change in 2nd parts reaction Hf [H2O(l)] = -242000 J mol-1 Hf [CO2(g)]= -393500 J mol-1 source: physical chemisty I of Fillans By Hesss law: Hf[CaCO3(s)] = H1 + Hf [H2O(l)] + Hf [CO2(g)] H2 = -688. 79 kJ mol-1 8) Discussion 1. Why is the exact concentration of hydrochloric acid unimportant? The exact concentration of the hydrochloric acid was unimportant as it was present in excess, that was, to provide enough H+(aq) to react with calcium. At the same time, the exact concentration of hydrochloric acid would affect the calculation afterwards. 2. State the law which you use for calculating the heat of formation of calcium carbonate. On which thermodynamic principle does it depends? The law used was the Hesss law. It depends on the standard enthalpy change of a reaction is independent of the route by which the chemical reaction takes place, which only depends on the difference between the standard enthalpies of reactants and products, i. e. conservation of energy. 3. Why is this law useful? This principle is useful as the standard enthalpy change of some reaction might not be able to find directly, and thus Hesss law can be used and the standard the enthalpy change of the reaction can be calculated indirectly by this method. 4. Discuss the possible sources of errors. State how to minimize the possible errors. A. The solid labeled calcium is suspected to be calcium oxide, which show white color but not grey shinny color. B. Heat produced the reaction might heat up the air inside the beaker, which cannot be avoided. C. Error in reading thermometer D. Error in weighing.

Analysis of Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation Speech

Analysis of Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation Speech The Day of Infamy On the seventh of December, 1941, the lives of many people drastically changed. In that particular afternoon, all American radio broadcasts were interrupted with important news. Pearl Harbor had been attacked by an unforeseen Japanese air raid. The results of the attack were devastating and, according to the National WWII Museum, killed 2,403 U.S. personnel, including 68 civilians, and destroyed or damaged 19 U.S. Navy ships, including 8 battleships (A Pearl Harbor Fact Sheet). The following day, December 8th, 1941, Franklin Delano Roosevelt, the president at the time, gave an address to the distressed nation regarding the attack. His speech consisted of an explanation of what had taken place at Pearl Harbor, evidence that the attack was in fact predetermined, and a request for the United States of America to wage war against Japan. Currently neutral in regards to the second world war, the United States of America was close to entering the war but was hesitant. In his speech entitled the Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation also known as the Infamy speech Franklin D. Roosevelt persuaded the government and the people through word choice, design, and appeal, to declare war against Japan. One of the most important parts of any speech is how the speaker structures it. The ingenious way that Roosevelt structured his speech held a major part in how it, as Braj Mohan reflects, proved a turning point in the course of the Second World War (68). Roosevelt used various methods in structuring his speech in order to form a better argument. A method that Roosevelt utilized when structuring his speech was repetition. For example, when reporting the various places that had been attacked by Japan on December 7th, he says: Last night, Japanese forces attacked Hong Kong. Last night, Japanese forces attacked Guam. Last night, Japanese forces attacked the Philippine Islands. Last night, the Japanese attacked Wake Island (Roosevelt). The use of repetition in this paragraph of Roosevelts speech proved to be very clever and useful, as it provides a much greater emphasis for the point being made. Throughout Franklin D. Roosevelts speech, he structures his argument by first stating that what happened at Pearl Harbor was evil and unpredicted. Then he goes on to state how the United States of America needs to secure itself and provide defense. Finally, he completes his argument with a call to action in response. Another, and probably just as important, part of a speech is word choice. The speaker has the ability to portray many different emotions and meanings to the audience, if the words are chosen in a clever way. When analyzing his speech, it is evident from the beginning that Roosevelt was careful when choosing his words. Roosevelt opens his speech by immediately delivering the devastating news about Pearl Harbor: Yesterday, December 7th, 1941 a date which will live in infamy the United States of America was suddenly and deliberately attacked by naval and air forces of the Empire of Japan (Roosevelt). In this opening phrase, there are multiple strong words that were chosen to describe what had taken place. Roosevelt used the word infamy very wisely in the beginning of speech when he describes December 7th as a date which will live in infamy. The word infamy literally means being well known for some bad quality or evil deed, and Roosevelt picked it precisely to portray how evil the Japanese bombing of Pearl Harbor was. Continuing on in his opening, Roosevelt couples the words suddenly and deliberately to describe how Pearl Harbor was attacked. These words were used by Roosevelt to portray that the bombing of Pearl Harbor was definitely no accident, and that the United States of America was in no way prepared for it. Throughout the speech, Roosevelt utilizes two rhetorical modes of ethos and pathos, in order to further complete his argument as a whole. Looking at the speech in a larger context, it is evident how Roosevelt uses these appeals when writing his speech to the intended audience. Since he is speaking mainly to the citizens of the United States of America, one of the main appeals Roosevelt uses is Pathos which is the appeal or evocation of emotion. For example, Roosevelt mentions in his speech that the Japanese government has deliberately sought to deceive the United States by false statements and expressions of hope for continued peace (Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation). By stating that the United States, which implies the nation as a whole, was deceived by Japan into thinking that the Japanese had similar goals of peace in mind, Roosevelt awakens the feeling of betrayal by Japan in the hearts of the American citizens. Roosevelt also backs up his argument with the use of ethos, the ap peal to ethics or morals. Towards the ending of his speech, Roosevelt assert that, in regards to Japan, the American people in their righteous might will win through to absolute victory (Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation). In this phrase, Roosevelt incorporates religion into the argument which further inspires the audience, and assures them that it is morally right to wage war against Japan. In Summary, the impact of Franklin Delano Roosevelts Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation was enormous. At the time that the speech was given, the USA had been recuperating from the first world war. Since the United States of America was trying to uphold a stance of neutrality in the second world war, it was hesitant to engage in any warfare. Because of this, Franklin D. Roosevelt formulated his speech in such a way, with particular word choice, design, and appeal, to not only reveal the evil of Japans deeds but also to persuade the nation to declare war. The USA was at its tipping point, and after the shocking news broke out that Pearl Harbor had been attacked, the United States of America finally entered the second world war. Works Cited A Pearl Harbor Fact Sheet. National WWII Museum. www.nationalww2museum.org/assets/pdfs/pearl-harbor-fact-sheet-1.pdf. Accessed 24 Mar. 2017. Mohan, Braj. A Demonstration of the Discourse Dissection Model (DDM) with an analysis of FD Roosevelts Pearl Harbour address to the nation. SKASE Journal of Theoretical Linguistics, vol. 13, no. 1, 2016, p. 62+. Academic OneFile, db06.linccweb.org/login?url=http://go.galegroup.com.db06.linccweb.org/ps/i.do?p=AONEsw=wu=lincclin_dbccv=2.1it=rid=GALE%7CA469757333asid=311032f9663020836acc9d055f4f8632. Accessed 24 Mar. 2017. Roosevelt, Franklin D. Pearl Harbor Address to the Nation. American Rhetoric. Web. 23 Mar. 2017. .

Philosophic Principles of Creativity :: Philosophy Philosophical Papers

Philosophic Principles of Creativity ABSTRACT: The principle of universal significance of the creative process is promoted in this thesis. The principles of the ecology of creation and of the subject's humanistic orientation of the cognitive and practical activity, will also be investigated. 1. Nowadays the promotion of a new world outlook paradigm of global creativity has a place. The understanding of the nature of creation in the history of philosophy has always been connected with the explanation of the substance and of the mechanisms of creative activity. If asked - how creation in general is possible, what are its necessary premises and impulses - the answer was given aut of the trinity: God /Plato, G.W.F.Hegel, N.Berdyaev/, Nature /Epicurus, B.Spinoza, H.Bergson/, Human Being /C.A.Helvetius, K.Marx, J.P.Sartre/. Such abilities of the human beeng as intuition, imagination and fantasy have been united in the mechanisms of creation. Some thinkers have been explaining them through perceiving using "the eyes of mind" of evidently clear true ideas /R.Descartes, I.Kant, E.Husserl/, some others - just vice versa - opposed those concepts of mind and logic, finding in them the way to some instant perceiving of the essence of things - a sign of divine revelation and beneficy /St. Augustine, A.Shopenhauer, E.H.Gilson/. The principal difference in the idea of global creativity consists in the admission of the ontological status of creative processes, of their quality of being primary as some maximum totality. The attention is drawn to the subject's purpose - considering activity considered as a certain stage /link/ in the global teleological processes of the universal. Considering the metaphysical point of view, creation is a fundamental process of spontaneous transcendence of potentials and virtualities, of permanent development in the field of universal posibilities. All of the existing material, semiotic and ideal structures expose themselves as certain products /events/ of creative processes. Their former, actual and future existance finally depends on the different direction and on the forms of realisation of the potentials of creativity. 2. The new world outlook paradigm of global creativity correlates harmoniously with the fundamental principles of modern natural science. It is worth mentioning that the understanding of physical reality as a set of different assemblies of events and relations, having as a result, the appearance of separated substantial material objects /N.Bohr, K.Hubner/. An important methodological role in modern cosmology is played by the so called antropic principle. According to that principle the significance of the universal physical constants - and that means all the outlook of the Universe known to us - is the only one possible for the appearance and existence of the human being in it /S.

Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry by Mildred D. Taylor is a very powerful Es

Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry by Mildred D. Taylor is a very powerful novel about the Logan family living in Mississippi in the 1930's. Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry by Mildred D. Taylor is a very powerful novel about the Logan family living in Mississippi in the 1930's. The story is told through the eyes of nine-year-old Cassie Logan, who has to learn throughout the entire book, how harsh the world truly is for blacks. Cassie has to learn that it is a white man's world out there, and that black people don't have much of a say in what goes on in it. There are many events in this book which lead me to say how prejudiced our country was at that time. One thing that stays on my mind is the conflict between Cassie and Lillian Jean, a white girl about the same age as Cassie. During Cassie's first visit to the town of Strawberry, she accidentally bumps into Lillian Jean. It is then that Lillian Jean starts calling Cassie names (comparing Cassie's "nasty little self" with "decent white folk"), and makes her apologize. Big Ma and Charlie Simms, Lillian Jean's father, force Cassie to do so, and Cassie is also told to call her, "Miz" Lillian Jean. Cassie does not understand why this must be so, and the idea of calling someone "Miz", who is the same age as herself, hits Cassie hard. She takes her revenge by beating Lillian Jean up, and also blackmailing her. It is the first time that Cassie realizes that white and black children are treated differently. It shows how black children are forced to feel inferior to white children. Another cause of racism is where the whites hate the Logan family for owning their own land. Throughout the book, there are many efforts from the white people- mainly, Mr. Granger- to get... ...is saved for the moment, though because of the fact that he is black, it is unlikely that T.J. will be saved. This situation just goes to show that the idea that all men are created equal in the U.S., does not apply to the blacks in Roll of Thunder. I can see from Mildred D. Taylor's Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry, that racism affected the black people in the Deep South, years after slavery was abolished. Everywhere you turn, you can see that this issue was a daily part of their lives. The law turned a blind eye to crimes committed against blacks. The education system for blacks was second-rate. Black children were separated from whites from the beginning, thus making the blacks hate whites, as they grew older. Whites did not want blacks to feel in any way equal to them. And from the book, Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry, I can better understand this issue. Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry by Mildred D. Taylor is a very powerful Es Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry by Mildred D. Taylor is a very powerful novel about the Logan family living in Mississippi in the 1930's. Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry by Mildred D. Taylor is a very powerful novel about the Logan family living in Mississippi in the 1930's. The story is told through the eyes of nine-year-old Cassie Logan, who has to learn throughout the entire book, how harsh the world truly is for blacks. Cassie has to learn that it is a white man's world out there, and that black people don't have much of a say in what goes on in it. There are many events in this book which lead me to say how prejudiced our country was at that time. One thing that stays on my mind is the conflict between Cassie and Lillian Jean, a white girl about the same age as Cassie. During Cassie's first visit to the town of Strawberry, she accidentally bumps into Lillian Jean. It is then that Lillian Jean starts calling Cassie names (comparing Cassie's "nasty little self" with "decent white folk"), and makes her apologize. Big Ma and Charlie Simms, Lillian Jean's father, force Cassie to do so, and Cassie is also told to call her, "Miz" Lillian Jean. Cassie does not understand why this must be so, and the idea of calling someone "Miz", who is the same age as herself, hits Cassie hard. She takes her revenge by beating Lillian Jean up, and also blackmailing her. It is the first time that Cassie realizes that white and black children are treated differently. It shows how black children are forced to feel inferior to white children. Another cause of racism is where the whites hate the Logan family for owning their own land. Throughout the book, there are many efforts from the white people- mainly, Mr. Granger- to get... ...is saved for the moment, though because of the fact that he is black, it is unlikely that T.J. will be saved. This situation just goes to show that the idea that all men are created equal in the U.S., does not apply to the blacks in Roll of Thunder. I can see from Mildred D. Taylor's Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry, that racism affected the black people in the Deep South, years after slavery was abolished. Everywhere you turn, you can see that this issue was a daily part of their lives. The law turned a blind eye to crimes committed against blacks. The education system for blacks was second-rate. Black children were separated from whites from the beginning, thus making the blacks hate whites, as they grew older. Whites did not want blacks to feel in any way equal to them. And from the book, Roll of Thunder, Hear My Cry, I can better understand this issue.

Platos Republic Essay -- Philosophy Justice Plato Papers

In reading the Republic, there is no reason to search for arguments which show that Platonic justice ('inner justice' or 'psychic harmony') entails ordinary justice. The relationship between inner justice and ordinary justice is of no importance in Plato's Republic. We note that Plato tries to argue from the very first book that the true source of normativity lies in knowledge attained by philosophical reason. What is crucial, then, is the relationship between inner justice and acts which brings about a just polis. I. The Unimportance of Ordinary Justice The issue of the relationship between inner justice and ordinary justice has been the subject of critical discussion since it was famously raised by David Sachs. (1) In this essay, I shall argue that the relationship between inner (or 'Platonic') justice and ordinary justice (conceived as doing acts which Glaucon, Adeimantus and the rest of the gathering consider to be just) was of no importance in Plato's Republic. (2) What was important, rather, was the relationship between inner justice and acts which bring about a just polis. My claim about the unimportance of ordinary justice in relation to inner justice is pre-empted to some degree by Gregory Vlastos and Julia Annas. Vlastos distinguished two senses of ordinary justice:(3) (a) the degenerate morality of those who see it as a path to gratification, and (b) the common morality of those who respect virtue and have a firm disposition to act justly ('justice' as Cephalus possessed, for example). Vlastos rejected any connection between inner justice and ordinary justice in the sense of (a), but assumed that inner justice entailed ordinary justice in the sense of (b) and argued for the connection. However, at least the... ...eligion, New York, 1971. (2)I have used the Jowett translation. (3) Gregory Vlastos, Platonic Studies, Chapter 5: "Justice and Happiness in the Republic", Princeton, 1981 (2nd edition), esp. pp. 135-136. (4)Julia Annas, An Introduction to Plato's Republic, Oxford, 1981, see esp. Chapter 6. (5) There are three different ways of dividing the soul in the Republic: i) the division into reasonable, feeling and appetitive parts; ii) the simile of the line which groups its cognitive capacities into understanding and reasoning on the one hand, and belief and imagination on the other; iii) the division in Book X between the knowing part and the perceptive part. The divisions of the line correspond to the divisions in Book X. In Book III, the feelings and appetites are contrasted with reason, so they naturally rely on perception and imagination and not on knowledge.

Meiji restoration Essay

Military: In 1872 the Japanese military started to use conscription. This is same as drafting in the U.S.A. All conscripts had to serve a three year period in military service, after which they were put to reserves for four years. This system was introduced by Yamagata Aritomo, and the next year this same man set up the Japanese Imperial army. He favored and used the army style of Germany, and the naval style of the British. Some years later the Samurai system was abolished totally†¦ Some Samurai were so upset, that they started a revolt. Economic: The Bakufu was ended on 1868. In 1871 the Daimyo’s were also dismissed, their land redistributed into smaller parts†¦ Unlike the samurai, the Daimyo received a large pension to compensate the loss of their land. In 1872 there was a land redistribution program. This was to become a more solid method than the previous system which relied totally on the price of rice†¦ A straight 3% tax was levied on the land. The government also started to sell industries which used to make Military hardware to the private buyers†¦These people later grew to become the Zaibatsu, which could be described as big industrial empires controlled by one family. Political: Feudalism in Japan was completely abolished during Meiji rule. Like most of Japan, also the parliament was altered heavily. Japanese government sent Ito Hirobumi to study the European parliament systems, and he especially favored the one of Britain. So the Japanese parliament, Diet, is based on the British parliament. It consists of Prime minister, upper and lower house. Hirobumi himself became the first prime minister and the upper house was made of the former nobility and the Daimyo’s. The lower house was chosen by the people. Also a privy council was set up to protect and review  the constitution, its sessions were lead by the Emperor Meiji himself†¦ Social:In 1872 it was ordered that all children, boys and girls both, were to attend primary school for six years. After this the girls would go home and learn more about life from their mothers, when some of the more successful boys on the other hand were allowed to go and study in a high school and then to university†¦Extremely high standards were expected, as students also had to learn a foreign language.

For Love, or Money? Essay

The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald, is a novel about Jay Gatsby’s constant quest to win over his love of the past, Daisy Buchanan. To Gatsby’s misfortune, he finds that Daisy is married to the wealthy but cocky Tom Buchanan. Daisy is a modern day â€Å"gold-digger† she fails to realize her own arrogance, and the success of her relationship with Tom is measured upon the size of his pocketbook. Tom’s secret lover, Myrtle Wilson becomes the victim of a hit-and-run. Tom shows Myrtle’s husband to the door of Gatsby. Gatsby is shot while swimming in his pool for the first time. Nick Carraway, the narrator of the story, witnesses Gatsby’s failure to relive his past and recapture the love of his life. Although Nick admires Gatsby’s effort to use his newly acquired wealth for the intentions of love as opposed to Tom’s use of it to be reckless, he thinks Gatsby’s obsession is foolish. Before the war sent him packing, Jay Gatsby was seeing Daisy Fay. At that time Jay was not very wealthy, but he had high hopes as to what it would take to win over the girl of his dreams. After the war Gatsby was shocked, but not set off track when he found that Daisy married another man. Nick is constantly in awe of Gatsby’s undying affection towards a woman that is married to another man, and is the same woman that betrayed him in the past. At first Nick thinks that Gatsby is not able to see through Daisy’s lack of emotion until Gatsby says, â€Å"Her voice is full of money.†(127). Gatsby says this because he realizes Daisy is a different person than he once knew. Gatsby can almost hear the difference in the odd cheerfulness in her voice. At that point in the novel, Nick realizes that Gatsby does not care what Daisy is like now, but he learns instead that Gatsby is in love with the Daisy he knew before the war. Gatsby’s entire life and his only reason to become wealthy were to win over his love from the past. Tom Buchanan comes from â€Å"old-money†. â€Å"Old-money† is a term for people that have money passed down to them from different generations. He has never had to work for anything, and his incredibly large amount of money is sufficient enough to allow him to be as careless as he wants. He never thinks about his actions because he knows that money is on his side and everybody sides with  money. Tom cheats on his wife without a care in the world. His most recent desire is a Myrtle, the wife of a gas station owner. An example of Tom’s carelessness and brutality is when he intentionally whacks Myrtle’s face and breaks her nose after saying his wife’s name, â€Å"Making a short deft movement Tom Buchanan broke her [Myrtle] nose with his open hand.†(41). After doing this, Tom showed absolutely no signs of regret for his actions. This evil gesture of Tom’s was not by itself. He figured to show his ownership of her by buying her a necklace that is much like the collar Myrtle put on her new puppy that was given to her from Tom. Myrtle could not argue with receiving gifts. Myrtle does not mind any of Tom’s actions towards her because she sees him as her only ticket out of poverty. Tom figures that Myrtle is from a lower class than he is and therefore he can do whatever he wants with her. Another strange character in the novel is Daisy Buchanan (Daisy Fay). Before the war, she was the girlfriend of Jay Gatsby. At this time she probably did not care at all about how much money he made. At that time, all she knew was that she was going to wait for Gatsby to return from the war. This is when she changes. She changes from waiting for her poor boyfriend to come back from war to a person that would marry the first man she met as long as he was filthy rich. She too is now just as careless as her husband Tom Buchanan. All she cares about is herself, her child, and her money. She admits to never actually loving Tom when she tells Gatsby, â€Å"Why,-how could I love him-possibly?†(139). At this point in the novel she begins to question herself as to what she wants more. She now faces a situation where Tom and Jay both are loaded. The difference between the two is obvious. Jay is completely devoted to Daisy while Tom just keeps her for his image. The only reason that she could have married Tom without loving him was to dive into is riches. Now that Gatsby is even richer than Tom, Daisy is left trying to choose. Unfortunately she takes too long to choose and hits a speed bump that indirectly chooses for her. All the time in the novel Nick is just watching and occasionally speaking, but he never actually helps this troubled group that he is caught in the middle of. Instead he watches their problems escalate and through all this he never bothers to answer why. Nick understands all of the problems that  each character has, and he probably knows how to fix their problems. He has an opinion of each character after carefully studying their personalities and the problems they present. Throughout the novel the reader might wonder why Nick never steps in to set the characters straight when he knows exactly what should be happening. Nick has made his judgment, but like he said in the very beginning of the book, he remembers what his father told him, â€Å"Whenever you feel like criticizing anyone, just remember that all the people in this world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had.†(5). This is the reason that Nick is almost completely detached. He was taught early to be the viewer rather than the actor. When Nick sees people with problems he calmly backs away from it and watches how they solve it. He won’t criticize or point any fingers because he simple believes that they might not have had the same advantages that he had. This is the reason that Nick is the narrator of the story. He does not interfere with anybody. In the end he notices things that stand out about people. In this case it was Gatsby’s great outlook on his life as opposed to Tom and Daisy’s reckless lifestyle. When people read a novel such as this, after the first two to three chapters the reader registers the â€Å"good guys† and the â€Å"bad guys†. Because of the nature of American film and literature it is needless to say that you can expect the â€Å"bad guys† to either get caught or killed, and the â€Å"good guys† save the day, get the girl, and live happily ever after. That is why it is such a shock to see Gatsby fail in his attempt to capture the women that he loves and save her from her beast of a husband. It is also very strange to see the narrator, Nick, just stand their and watch all these crazy things happen. Although Gatsby dies as a failure to his one goal, Nick does not see it that way. Nick sees Gatsby as a man that worked his way to the top. Nick admires Gatsby for his ambition. Gatsby did not care at all about fame and fortune unless it included Daisy. Nick understands Gatsby’s obsession, and he feels that out of all the characters that he has met throughout the story, Gatsby is far better than any of them.

The Empire Company Limited

In the Empire Company Limited Case, James Vaux, the associate director at Scotia Capital is the main decision maker. It is his job in September of 1998 to decide on a price at which The Oshawa Group Limited will sell their company/accept a takeover offer at. The Oshawa Group Limited (Oshawa) is a food retail, wholesale, and distribution firm. The Empire Company wants to expand beyond their Atlantic Canada roots; however, there are a few catches. The Wolfe family owns 100% of the voting shares of the company, and not only know the value of their company and expect to receive at least that much, but also a premium on top of that.Greg Rudka is the Managing Director at Scotia Capital; he has extensive background in the history of the grocery industry and was the one who noticed this opportunity as well as the person who assigned James Vaux to his assignment of the value of Oshawa. ISSUES There are two main issues at hand. First, Vaux needs to determine a value for both classes of shares that Empire would be willing to pay to the Wolfe family and Oshawa equity holders to acquire a position in the Oshawa Company without starting a bidding war.The second issue is that Vaux needs to find a way to finance the deal. There are a few minor issues in this case, starting with competition. The grocery industry is very competitive. There are only a few large firms involved in the industry. Of course, there are mom and pop stores all over North America, but they only make enough to live themselves and they are not bringing in the same profits as the major chains, so they are not legitimate threats to Empire. Next, the Oshawa Company’s entire voting shares are owned by the Wolfe family as mentioned above.This will add to the level of difficulty in the purchase or acquisition of Oshawa. Finally, the last issue is that in the grocery industry, it is cheaper to acquire a competitor’s company and chains than it is to open a new store. In other words, horizontal acquisi tions were the primary source of growth on the revenue side for the grocery business. People don’t like change and because of this, creating or changing the name of their â€Å"local grocery store† may upset or disrupt their previous shopping experiences.

Media Role in Everyday Life

Analyse the following quote: â€Å" it is because the media are central to our everyday lives that we must study them†¦ as social and cultural as well as political and economic dimensions of the modern world. † (Roger Silverstone, Why Study the Media? 1999. ) criteria understand respond to question construct logical argument key terms/concepts used accurately provide relevant examples where required Reading 1. 1 Why Media Studies is Worthwhile: Bazalgette ‘Media studies is controversial because it is still new and because it deals with things that are not only continuing to change but are also the focus of many anxieties. 2000:5 ‘Newspapers, film, radio, television and, increasingly, computer software and communications networks are generally considered to be immensely popular in ways that are not fully understood and about which there is little consensus. They are consequently blamed for all kinds of social ills, political problems and cultural degeneracy. Ea ch of these media has also, in its time, been seen as the harbinger of apocalyptic change – for better as well as for worse. Similar essay: Disagreement in Natural SciencesBut because the oldest of them – the mass circulation press – has only been in existence for little more than a century, the process of change has been too fast for anyone to arrive at definitive conclusions about what its social, political and cultural effects really are. ‘As much as everyone likes to think they rebel against their parents and teachers, and keep up to date with new ideas and technologies, we are all substantially formed through the frameworks of ideas and thought of earlier generations, and we all find change difficult. ‘ ‘Change almost always provokes strong feelings: excitement, anxiety, tension, fear, anger.The media, conspicuous and changing objects in a world that is itself changing, are a particularly public focus for these kinds of emotion and argument. There is therefore much disagreement about how the media should be understood, regulated and consumed. 2000:6 It is essential to r ecognise that media studies, even as we enter the twenty-first century is still new. ‘†¦. it is a subject still in the process of being formed. Full of disagreements and different claims as to what it is ‘really about'. It is also a hybrid subject: that is to say, the ideas and approaches that it draws upon come from many different sources. The mass circulation press, the cinema, radio, television, digital software and the internet each attracted comment, analysis and speculation from the start (2000:7) Everyone who spoke or wrote about these media was themselves already educated within existing academic disciplines and motivated by particular interests 2000:7 Nevertheless, hybrid disciplines do appear all the time: semiotics, structuralism, sociolinguistics, and many more. Media studies snaps them all up: there can never be too many different ways of analysing just what is really going on in those fleeting images. Those rapt audiences.Those smoke filled boardrooms of owners. Technology and theory 2000:8 – The media themselves change much faster than any theory. In fact it is often changes in the media – even basic technological changes – that impel changes in the academic construction of the subject. As I write this in the late 1990s we have moved into a period of what are profound changes brought about by digital technologies. Until the 1980s the term ‘media' meant what it said (although it was, and still is, widely misused as a singular noun). It refers to numbers of different ways of physically reproducing and carrying meanings.The whole point of a media text is that it moves and flows: the meaning is never ‘there' at a given moment, but in juxtaposition and sequence, in the tension between one moment and another. 2000:8 2000:9 Media studies is thus a catch-all title designating a wide variety of courses, and since these are all embroiled both in developing a coherent theoretical base and in keeping up with technological and institutional developments in the media themselves, does it even make sense to lump them all together? 2000:9 In media studies you are asked about the profit motive.In media studies you are asked this. You are asked to look at cinema and television as industries which employ large numbers of people and to understand how they work, how they are financed and why they produce what they do. 2000:10 In media studies you may be asked to think about films, television programmes or other ‘media texts' in the same way. But you will certainly also b asked to think about how they address you – or other people – as a member of a group: as British, say, or as a black person, or as a man, or even – but how often? – as all three.By asking you to think about texts in this way, and by making you investigate who made, say, a film or programme, and why, and in whose interests, media studies is essentially political. Every investigation of even quite short or trivial texts potentially leads into larger questions about power structures in society and how they are organised. 2000:10 – It is just as ‘political' to be asking questions about who owns this newspaper, who financed this film, and why; or perhaps more interestingly, who wouldn't finance that film and why, or how one kind of television programme is more likely to be made than another.The politics of the media affect our lives as much as the politics of Parliament or Congress, and can be more satisfying to investigate since the evidence is all around you every day. 2000:10 At the same time it is the inclusion of this political dimension that media students often find the most satisfying and worthwhile aspect of the subject. ‘You stop taking things at face value'. You should beware of media courses which render the subject down to a few handy maxims such as ‘the basic function of all media is to sell audiences to advertisers'.To object that this ca n hardly apply to public service broadcasting or a community video workshop is not to deny that these institutions will also have political roles to play and manipulative techniques to use. But it does reassert the principle that there is more than one way to look at any text. A political dimension to critical analysis should add complexity, not simplification 2000:10 So far, I have identified two basic principles that media studies courses are likely to have in common: using economic and political perspectives as key ways of understanding the media.These are the most characteristic differences between media studies and most other subjects. But no course will concentrate on these areas alone. 2000:11 One of the strengths – and also the challenges – of media studies is precisely that it asks you to consider texts from different and often sharply contrasting perspectives. What do you study in media studies? 2000:11 Just what – if anything – constitutes a va lid argument for studying one text, or one group of texts, rather than another? There are five main ways of answering this question? Popularity (2000:12) The emphasis might be on the phenomenon of mass audience pleasure and on understanding and legitimating the enjoyment people derive from these texts or in contrast, the aim of the analysis might be to reveal how audiences are manipulated and deluded by stereotypical or reactionary material Exemplification is an obvious ground for worthiness of study, especially when the aim is to illustrate an aspect of theory, such as genre or representation. Notoriety (2000:12)– is an interesting and useful reason for studying a text that can offer a way in to thinking about social, political and cultural contexts.Texts which are interesting to study in their own right, but whose notoriety reveals much about their conditions of production or consumption, include banned or controversial television documentaries etc ‘Such ‘case s tudies' form the starting point or central exemplar which can illuminate aspects of the media we don't normally think about or see. Turning points and groundbreaking texts could be included in the previous category, but texts can be significant without being notorious, especially in retrospect. Aesthetic value (2000:12-13) s a criterion that many media teachers would deny using as a way of selecting or judging texts. 2000:13 What is it all for? ‘It is also obvious that the media industries themselves are hard to get into and rely increasingly on freelancers, ‘2000:14: that a knowledge of history, politics, economics, accountancy, law – you name it – would be equally useful as a basis for working, as, say, a journalist or editor It is increasingly likely that, whatever job you do or whatever your domestic circumstances, there will be more opportunities for you to engage with the media, and not just as a consumer.Indeed, the field of ‘alternative' and s ubversive media production may be the one that grows fastest over the next few years (who knows? How could you tell? ) as access to technology and circulation systems widens Inside or outside the corporate producers, the new voices will come from the people who are already literate in the new media What media studies can really do is open up your understanding of how things work, how people become informed – or misinformed – and how the myths and ideologies that govern all our lives are created and sustained. Reading 1. Media and Communications: Theoretical traditions 2002:23 The field of Australian media and communications theory and research is in a unique position. On one hand, it is highly derivative†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. this is partly due to general globalisation of ideas today, but also to Australia's past as a British colony and in more recent decades, to its dependence on the United States. On the other hand, in Australia we are able to observe and compare the influences and models emanating from the metropolitan centres of the Northern Hemisphere and to selectively combine and modify them in accordance with our own national reality and place in the world -.. dentify the origins of the major paradigms or schools of thought which have arisen in European and American theory and research as they apply to media and communications; to trace the formative influence they have had on particular styles of work in Australia; and to show how they have become transformed in the process of being adapted to our experience here EUROPE VERSUS AMERICA 2002:23 .. ‘European means heavily interpretive and holistic in scope – that is, taking a macro perspective, looking down on society as a whole. Its sociopolitical stance is critical of society as it exists, and most often specifically Marxist.In its methods, it is deductive in that it applies general principles to the analysis of particular cases By contrast, the American approach is strongly empirical and micro in its scope – at its extreme, its form of knowledge relies on the direction observation of distinct phenomena, preferably controlled and measurable occurrences, like in a laboratory experiment. Its sociopolitical stance is said to be liberal or pluralistic – in other words, it is not aligned with any sector of society which has an interest in changing the world, but in that sense, it is really more conservative 002:24: However ideas do not belong to geographical territories and it is important to appreciate that, even if critical theory has traditionally been weak in the United States, Europe in fact has not only produced the characteristic critical and interpretive schools of thought, but also has a strong tradition of ‘positivism', which is much more aligned with ‘American' empiricism and functionalism (Giddens 1974). Positivism is basically the idea that the methods of natural science can and should be applied to understand and contr ol society and culture, which includes the media.Western Marxism and Ideological Critique 2002:24 In order to understand contemporary media studies, it is crucial to understand the significance of the Frankfurt School and its tradition A critique of the rise of the mass media (mainly the new media of cinema and radio in those days) which has defined one important direction for Marxist criticism ever since 2002:25 This is the ideological critique of the media Reading 1. 3 Self and Experience in a Mediated World Reading 1. 4 New Media and Technological Development A Beginner's Guide to Textual Analysis

Finance Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Finance - Essay Example The basic constituents of balance sheet are identified as the net worth of assets, equity of the owners or the stockholders and the liabilities held by the organization for a particular fiscal year. In this similar context, the assets which are taken into concern in the balance sheet of an organization include cash, stock or inventory, bills receivable, tangible properties (e.g. plant, machinery and buildings) and goodwill. In this context, the goodwill is viewed to be a kind of intangible asset and appears in the assets side of the balance sheet. Arguments concerning the calculation of goodwill and its inclusion in the asset side of a balance sheet have consequently given rise to certain questions which also requires to be considered by managers dealing with company finances (Zions Bank, n.d.). The key components of income statement of an organization include revenue, operating expenses (both direct as well as indirect), depreciation, operating profit, net income, earnings per share , gross and its corresponding net profit. In this regard, only the indirect expenses appear in the income statement as the expenditures are indirectly related with the making of goods which again gives rise to certain questions concerning the reasons to avoid including direct expenses. The income statement usually delivers an exact picture of the incomes as well as the expenses incurred by the business and also determines their profitability along with business performance (Wall Street Prep, n.d.). Challenges in Interpreting Financial Statements Managers entitled to perform the financial recording of an organization are often examined to face daunting problems or challenges while interpreting the financial statements in order to make efficient financial decisions. The reasons fundamentally include extremely competitive business conditions, composite business transactions, requirement to comply with composite accounting rules and regulations, inefficient reporting from subordinates a nd huge compliance expenditures. In this regard, one of the most apparent challenges which are frequently faced by the managers in interpreting financial statements is the obligation to follow specified auditor norms which if misrepresented can even necessitate financial restatements. Consequently, the reporting failures as a form of financial restatements pose considerable impact upon the organizations by affecting their financial position to a large extent (DeZoort, n.d.). The other challenge which might be faced by the managers while preparing financial records indicates towards the accurate determination of revenue or capital expenditures. This challenge can lead towards affecting the income statement of the organizations by a large degree. However, this challenge can be addressed by taking into concern the actual items of the revenues along with the expenditures in the income statement for the motive of evaluating profitability as well as flexibility (Wall Street Prep, n.d.). O verview of the Financial Statements of a Healthcare Organization The constituents of financial statements vary according to the business operations from one sector to another. The financial statement of UnitedHealth also reveals unique and immensely valuable information relating to the US healthcare sector. One of the imperative information which has been viewed in the 2011 financial statement of this organization is regarding the total revenue. As can be revealed from the information presented

Introduction To Leviticus Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Introduction To Leviticus - Research Paper Example This has been the subject of controversy over years. To the proponents of documentary hypothesis, the book of Leviticus, which is also one of the Pentateuch books was not written by one person, Moses, but instead was a product of various others. Of course, there exists archeological and historical fabrications and evidence which explicitly supports this line of thought. While the debate about documentary evidence continues, there is also compelling evidence to believe the former. It is the intent of this paper to explore arguments against documentary evidence and to show Moses’ authenticity and single handedness in drafting Leviticus. The Hebrew derives the title of Leviticus from the initial word in it Wayyiqra’, which when translated implies â€Å"and He [the Lord] called† (1:1). The use of the conjunction â€Å"and† describes that Leviticus is a continuation of the previous chapter, Exodus, the flow of thought in this case is continuous and there is no break.1 At the same time, the English title of the book is derived from the word â€Å"Vulgate† which is a Latin version, which referred to this book as Liber Leviticus. This Latin title has been suggested as having the same meaning as Leuitikon, which implies â€Å"of relation to the Levites.† From the above analysis, it therefore seems quite correct that the title used in this book is appropriate, since the book has Mosaic Covenant that again relates to the Levites, or to be precise to the Israelites, delivered to them by Moses. The overriding theme contained in the book of Leviticus is worship. Moses later re-introduced the theme of worship in the later chapters of the bible in Exodus, but this theme was only concretized in Leviticus. The book illustrates how sinful redeemed Israelites could enjoy a new renewed spiritual relationship with their creator. It also shows how the Israelites could maintain this Holy relationship with God through worship. One of the main r evelations that are given in Leviticus is the nature of sin. From the analysis of other chapters, it can be seen that God under estimated man’s ability to commit sin. God first initiated this in Genesis and Exodus, and thus used Leviticus to clarify this sinful nature of man. Additionally, God exposes the theme of atonement in Leviticus. Atonement can be understood as the price of man’s sin. God in Leviticus removed the sins of Israelites until a final sacrifice was paid for sins. God continuously accepted the price of sin through sacrifice until a final atonement was made through Jesus Christ. Through atonement then man could be allowed to enter into a Covenant with God. For this situation, three things had to be given to justify man’s sinful nature. This book has been written by Moses because it contains God revelations to Moses in which he recorded in Leviticus after he renewed the Covenant with Israel (Exod. 34:1-28). This book is solely unique as it contain s God’s instructions to Moses. Andrew A. Bonar in his Commentary on Leviticus thus argues, â€Å"There is no book in the whole compass of that inspired Volume which the Holy Spirit has given us, that contains more of the very words of God than Leviticus. It is God that is the direct speaker in almost all the pages; His gracious words are recorded in the most original manner that they were uttered.†2 As seen in other similar literary analysis, Leviticus